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If the following statements are true, is the final statement true? Dave spoke with Sally. Sally spoke with John. Dave did not speak with John.

  1. Yes

  2. No

  3. Uncertain

The correct answer is: Uncertain

To determine the truth of the final statement based on the earlier statements, let's analyze the relationships presented. The first statement establishes a direct communication line: Dave spoke with Sally. The second statement tells us that Sally then spoke with John. This means that there is a chain of communication, but it does not imply that Dave and John have spoken directly to one another. The critical point is the last statement: "Dave did not speak with John." Given the first two statements, we know that while Sally has spoken to both Dave and John, this does not provide any evidence that Dave has engaged in conversation with John himself. As such, there are two potential scenarios: 1. Dave did not speak with John (which is explicitly stated), in which case the final statement is true. 2. However, the information given does not rule out the possibility that Dave might have spoken to John independently of Sally. Since there's no definitive information confirming or denying that interaction, we cannot conclude with certainty. Thus, because the truth of the final statement hinges on information that is not fully disclosed, the appropriate response is that it is uncertain whether the final statement is true.